Document

Management of cane overgrowth to dampen Caspian Sea-lake level and regional climate warming

Lushvin Petr Vladimirovich* a

Buyanova Marina Olegovna b

Chelidze Nikita Sergeevich c

a. Independent Researcher, Moscow, Russia
b. The Faculty of Law, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
c. Independent researcher, Moscow, Russia
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed
2023.2(1); https://doi.org/10.58396/gges020105
Received: 27 Jun 2023 / Accepted:13 Jul 2023 / Published: 25 Jul 2023

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2023-12-21

Abstract

Historical fluctuations in the level of the Caspian Sea are not yet amenable to reliable forecasting. The riches of the sea and changes in its level do not leave the administration alone, in sometimes paradoxical, ways of regulating the forces of nature. Recent decades have been characterized by significant shallowing of the sea-lake (≈1 m). This is mainly due to the frequent Volga low water, whose runoff accounts for > 70% of all river waters (instead of the characteristic values of the annual Volga runoff of 230-330km3 , less than 215km3 often come). To dampen the level, it is possible to either direct water from other river basins into the sea, which has been proposed repeatedly before, or reduce losses on streams. In this work, the latter is proposed - to regulate the evaporation of water from the Volga delta, which has grown by almost an order of magnitude. Of the ≈9 thousand km2 of the delta area, > 70% is covered with reed reeds. In summer floods, reeds evaporate 5-9 times more intensively than the water surface. The reduction of even half of the thickets will "save" billions of tons of Volga runoff from premature evaporation, dampens the level of the Caspian Sea. Another problem in the south of Russia is massive fires, both natural and anthropogenic genesis. In the spring, last year's dried reeds burn massively, raising the temperature of the environment, contributing to the growth of evaporation in the region. When damping the area of reeds for 15-25 years, an additional 100km3 would flow into the sea, which would compensate for the shortage of Volga runoff. The previously stated approach was not so effective due to the smaller size of the delta, although, implicitly, it was used, however, regardless of the course of sea level - in the USSR, 5 reeds were harvested in the Volga delta for the needs of a cell-cardboard plant (which contributed to minimizing the number of fires in the delta). A reduction in reeds at times in the floodplains and deltas of the Volga, Don, Kuban and Terek rivers (an area of up to 100 thousand km2 ) would give additional water for irrigation, reduce the number of fires in the Southern Federal District at times, which regionally minimized the current global warming.

Keywords:

Cane, Volga runoff, delta, sea level, evaporation, fires.

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